China-Japan Dispute Shines Light on Rare Earth Metals

Few តិចតួច               Yet ទោះជាយ៉ាងនេះក្តី                     MP3 Players ប្រដាប់ចាក់ចម្រៀង Mp3

Denied បដិសេធ       rare earth metals លោហធាតុដីកម្រមាន

four billion dollars worth ចំនួន៤ពាន់លានដូល្លារ                    So ហេតុដូច្នេះហើយ

mine ជីក                   Well នែ                                             periodic table of the elements តារាងនៃធាតុ          physicist អ្នករូបនិយម              properties គុណសម្បត្តិ

magnets មេដែក        hybrid vehicles រថយន្តប្រើប្រេងឥន្ធនៈនិងអគ្គីសនី

X-rays កាំរស្មីអិចស៍

Few people have ever heard of the natural elements known as rare earth metals before a recent dispute between China and Japan.

Yet these metals are used in devices like smartphones, flat screen televisions, hybrid care batteries, MP3 Players and military equipment. In September, Japan detained a Chinese ship captain near disputed islands in the East China Sea. China denied that it stop exports rare earth metals to Japan to force his release. But the incident raised concerns.

Japan is the world’s biggest importer of rare earth metals. And China produces ninety-seven percent of the world supply. China says it sold almost four billion dollars’ worth in two thousand eight. But marketing professor George Halley at the University of New Haven in Connecticut says China has always kept prices low.

He says: “So unlikely other minerals the price of rare earth elements has actually fallen.”

Some countries with rare earth metals no long mine them—including the United States. One reason is the low-cost imports from China. Another reason is concern about environmental damage. So what are these rare earth metals? Well, most of them are not rare; but is just their name. Several are most common than copper, lead or silver.

People who remember the periodic table of the elements from chemistry class might recognize them. Rare earth includes the fifteen lanthanide metals along with yttrium and scandium. Samual Bader, a physicist at the Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, says rare earths are often found together. But Mr. Bader explains that the same properties that make them hard to refine also make them valuable. He says: “Rare earth metals provide the world’s strongest commercial magnets. This is why they’re important. It’s that simple.” Rare earth magnets are lightweight and unaffected by conditions like high temperatures. So they work well in places like electric motors in hybrid vehicles or generator for wind turbines.

Physicist used super- powerful magnets to speed particles and control radiation like X-rays. Goerge Halley says they are found in electronics, fiber options and other products. They are important not just for economic success of the United States, but for defense and job creation at home. Next week, we’ll talk more about rare earth metals, and an American company that plan to start mining them again.